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Graphic Credit - NOAA, Jack Javech. Fishing is another. They are strong and graceful swimmers, with powerful front flippers. The greatest of these threats worldwide are incidental capture in fishing gear and harvest of leatherback eggs and adults. Climate change is altering the oceans physically and chemically as warmer waters expand, ice covers recede, circulation patterns change, and the pH of the oceans declines. Changing marine temperatures are expected to continue to alter the range of leatherbacks. 10 Things You Can Do to Save Endangered Species, Support our work with a one time or recurring gift. Turtle Island Restoration Network and the Center for Biological Diversity recently submitted a letter to NMFS opposing downlisting the NW Atlantic leatherback turtle from “endangered” to “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act. Because leatherback sea turtles are a protected species, it is illegal to kill, harm, collect, harass or sell them. Leatherbacks build their nests on remote stretches of sandy beach. In the past three generations, the population of Pacific leatherback sea turtles has dramatically plummeted by 83 percent according to the IUCN Red List. In the southeastern U.S., coastal communities are encouraged to turn off exterior lights during the hatching period so the hatchlings can find their way home. Nesting sites are disturbed through tourism or commercial development, and poachers often harvest eggs for food. The moon's reflection on the water may help them find their way but artificial lights disorient them and can cause them to crawl the wrong way and die of exhaustion and dehydration. For educational purposes the head can illustrate the general form of this specialized jellyfish eater. They face threats on both nesting beaches and in the marine environment. Leatherback eggs are harvested in Malaysia for food, and in some parts of Asia, the turtle is hunted for its oil and flesh. Threats Leatherbacks are facing extinction mainly due to human impacts on their environment. Warmer-than-usual waters of El Nino years significantly reduce oceanic productivity by inhibiting the mixing of surface water with deeper, cold waters, resulting in less available food near the surface and reducing the reproductive potential of leatherbacks and other marine species. Climate change is expected to significantly disrupt the marine and terrestrial environments on which they depend. The Pacific population of leatherback sea turtles has suffered most over the last twenty years: as few as 2,300 adult females now remain, making the Pacific leatherback the … Before any conclusions are reached, additional research is required. Much of this population decrease can be traced back to an increase in intense egg collection and fisheries bycatch. Excerpted from the 1996 exhibition Endangered! Global climate change threatens reproduction on nesting beaches throughout the leatherback’s range. Climate change is expected to significantly disrupt the marine and terrestrial environments on which they depend. Reserve your timed-entry tickets. Loss of these coastal nesting habitats is one of the primary threats to leatherback survival. New York, NY 10024-5102Phone: 212-769-5100. Sea Turtles and Sea Turtle Nests! But because they are so difficult to count, it's impossible to determine how leather-back populations are affected by loss of nesting sites, plastic ingestion, egg poaching, and commercial fisheries. It has been estimated that 11,000 marine turtles are caught in nets every year. Up to 5 feet (1.5 m) In recent studies, nearly half of all leatherbacks examined had plastic or cellophane in their stomachs. The Leatherback sea turtles are mainly endangered because of artificial lights, pollution, hunting and fishing, egg harvesting, habitat loss, predators, debris, water crafts, and food loss. Interesting Facts: The leatherback is the most ancient species of living sea turtle, as well as the largest and heaviest turtle in the world. The passing of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ratified its status. Their biggest threats are the result of human activity. They are found in oceans and seas around the world, in habitats ranging from tropical to subarctic. But because they are so difficult to count, it's impossible to determine how leather-back populations are affected by loss of nesting sites, plastic ingestion, egg poaching, and commercial fisheries. The endangered Western Pacific leatherback sea turtles that visit California, Oregon and Washington’s coastal waters could gain long overdue habitat protections to prevent their extinction under a new government proposal. According to NOAA, the leatherback populations in the Atlantic and Caribbean are somewhat stable, however, Pacific populations are in a somewhat dire position, with Western Pacific populations declining 80 percent in recent decades and Eastern Pacific populations declining nearly 97 percent. An adult leatherback sea turtle is generally longer than an average-size man is tall. It’s too soon to move the subpopulation of these sea turtles from endangered to threatened. Leatherbacks nest on tropical beaches and are found in all the world’s oceans except the Arctic and Antarctic. Current estimates put the worldwide female population at about 100,000. Leatherbacks are the largest sea turtles. Sea turtles need to reach the surface to breathe, and therefore many drown once caught. Of the hatchlings that do make it out of the nest, the vast majority are eaten by predators (primarily gulls and other birds) on the beach or in the ocean. The leatherback turtle is one of the most critically endangered species in the world and is on the IUCN red list. Changing ocean conditions are especially threatening in the Pacific where leatherback nesting populations are declining dramatically. Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of sea turtles a year are accidentally caught in shrimp trawl nets, on longline hooks and in fishing gillnets. They are also the only sea turtle with a soft, rubbery shell. It's not known how much plastic it takes to kill a leatherback, but two facts are clear: no animal can digest plastic, and the amount of plastic in the oceans is increasing drastically every day. Eastern Pacific leatherback turtles are critically endangered. Leatherback Sea Turtle Fact Sheet – p. 2 A Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the Massachusetts State Wildlife Action Plan Please allow the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program to continue to conserve the biodiversity of Massachusetts with a contribution for A nest of 100 eggs will probably produce no more than one or two adults. Their primary food is jellyfish. Leather-backs eat twice their weight each day. Their bodies are insulated by a thick layer of fat -- another adaptation that is unique among turtles to leatherbacks. The leatherback's proportions and streamlined shape are advantageous for long distance swimming. In the marine environment, plastic pollution is a growing global problem. Known as bycatch, this is a serious threat to leatherback turtles. Threats related to Global Warming Length:  Leatherbacks nest in the tropics but range widely in the world’s oceans, moving into colder, higher latitude waters during summer months. They face threats on both nesting beaches and in the marine environment. On one nesting beach, 1500 leatherbacks were counted in the 1950s, yet by the early 1990s fewer than 50 came ashore. WWFs work on sea turtles focuses on five of those species: green, hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley. They have survived for more than a hundred million years, but is now facing extinction. Leatherbacks are among the most wide-ranging of all vertebrates. Leatherback Sea Turtle Latin name: Dermochelys Coriacea, Conservsation status: vulnerable (population is decreasing) The largest of all sea turtles, the Leatherback has been on Earth since the dinosaurs—100 million years. In the last 17 years, leatherbacks have expanded their range in the North Atlantic by about 250 miles. Leatherback sea turtles are the biggest turtles on Earth. They are also called Lute turtles. Designation: The leatherback turtle was listed under the Endangered Species Act as endangered in 1970.

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